First-Second Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | novus | nova | novum |
Vocative | nove | nova | novum |
Genitive | novī | novae | novō |
Dative | novō | novae | novō |
Accusative | novum | novam | novum |
Ablative | novō | novā | novō |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nom/Voc | novī | novae | nova |
Genitive | novōrum | novārum | novōrum |
Dative | novīs | novīs | novīs |
Accusative | novōs | novās | nova |
Ablative | novīs | novīs | novīs |
Third Declension
Singular | Masc/Fem | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nom/Voc | omnis | omne | acer | acris | acre |
Genitive | omnis | omnis | acris | acris | acris |
Dative | omnī | omnī | acrī | acrī | acrī |
Accusative | omnem | omne | acrem | acrem | acre |
Ablative | omnī | omnī | acrī | acrī | acrī |
Plural | Masc/Fem | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nom/Voc | omnēs | omnia | acrēs | acrēs | acria |
Genitive | omnium | omnium | acrium | acrium | acrium |
Dative | omnibus | omnibus | acribus | acribus | acribus |
Accusative | omnēs(-īs) | omnia | acrēs(-īs) | acrēs(-īs) | acria |
Ablative | omnibus | omnibus | acribus | acribus | acribus |
One-Ending Third Declension Adjectives
Singular | Masc/Fem | Neuter |
Nom/Voc | tacēns | tacēns |
Genitive | tacentis | tacentis |
Dative | tacentī | tacentī |
Accusative | tacentem | tacēns |
Ablative | tacentī(-e)* | tacentī(-e)* |
Plural | Masc/Fem | Neuter |
Nom/Voc | tacentēs | tacentia |
Genitive | tacentium | tacentium |
Dative | tacentibus | tacentibus |
Accusative | tacentēs(-īs) | tacentia |
Ablative | tacentibus | tacentibus |
*The present participle, when used as a non-finite verb (e.g., in an ablative absolute), ends in –e in the ablative.
Comparison of Adjectives
Regular
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
fortis, -is, -e | fortior, fortius | fortissimus, -a, -um |
pūrus, -a, -um | pūrior, purius | pūrissimus, -a, -um |
celer, celeris, celere | celerior, celerius | celerrimus, -a, -um |
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum | pulchrior, pulchrius | pulcherrimus, -a, -um |
Six adjectives in -lis (facilis, difficilis, similis, dissimilis, gracilis, humilis) are compared facilis, facilior, facillimus. All the other adjectives in -lis, e.g., crūdēlis, nōbilis, etc., have the -issimus superlative.
Irregular
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
bonus, -a, -um | melior, melius | optimus, -a, -um |
magnus, -a, -um | maior, maius | maximus, -a, -um |
malus, -a, -um | peior, peius | pessimus, -a, -um |
multus, -a, -um | plūs*; plūrēs, plūra | plurimus, -a, -um |
parvus, -a, -um | minor, minus | minimus, -a, -um |
—(prae, prō: prep.) | prior, prius | prīmus, -a, -um |
—(prope: prep.) | propior, propius | proximus, -a, -um |
—(ultrā: prep.) | ulterior, ulterius | ultimus, -a, -um |
*Plūs is a neuter singular noun, not an adjective.
Paradigm of the Comparative Adjective
Singular | Masc/Fem | Neuter |
Nominative | fortior | fortius |
Genitive | fortiōris | fortiōris |
Dative | fortiōrī | fortiōrī |
Accusative | fortiōrem | fortius |
Ablative | fortiōre | fortiōre |
Plural | Masc/Fem | Neuter |
Nominative | fortiōrēs | fortiōra |
Genitive | fortiōrum | fortiōrum |
Dative | fortiōribus | fortiōribus |
Accusative | fortiōrēs | fortiōra |
Ablative | fortiōribus | fortiōribus |
Formation of Adverbs from Adjectives
Adverbs are regularly formed from adjectives by the morphemes {ē} or {ter}.
ē is used if the adjective is first and second declension: honestē from honestus a um
ter is used if the adjective is third declension: fortiter from fortis forte
The comparative adverb is the accusative singular neuter of the comparative adjective: honestius
The superlative adverb is regularly formed with the –ē morpheme: honestissimē