Finite Dependent Clauses
Finite dependent clauses have a clause marker such as a subordinating conjunction, relative pronoun, or interrogative word and an indicative or subjunctive verb.
| Adjectival modifies a noun | Adverbial modifies a verb, adjective, adverb, or higher clause | Noun functions in the sentence like a noun noun clauses normally have a role in the core, e.g., subject, direct object, subject complement, or are in apposition to a noun or pronoun |
| relative clause (qui) | causal (quod indic/quia indic/quoniam indic/cum subj) | relative noun clause (qui/quicumque) |
| relative clause of purpose (qui) | circumstance (cum) [subjunctive] | indirect command (ut/ne) [subjunctive] |
| relative clause of characteristic (qui) | comparison (quam/ut) [verb often gapped] | indirect question (interrogative) [subjunctive] |
| concession (etsi/quamquam indic/cum subj) | clause of fearing (ne/ut) [subjunctive] | |
| conditional (si/nisi/etsi/sin) | noun result (ut) [subjunctive] | |
| locative/place (ubi/quo) | relative noun clause of purpose (qui) | |
| purpose (ut/ne) [subjunctive] | relative noun clause of characteristic (qui) | |
| result (ut) [subjunctive] | ||
| temporal/time (cum/dum/postquam/ubi/ut) | ||
| proviso (dum/dummodo) [subjunctive] |
Non-Finite Dependent Clauses
Non-finite dependent clauses have no clause marker and an infinitive or participle as a verb.
| Adjectival modifies a noun | Adverbial modifies a verb, adjective, adverb, or higher clause | Noun functions in the sentence like a noun noun clauses normally have a role in the core, e.g., subject, direct object, subject complement, or are in apposition to a noun or pronoun |
| participal clause (pple V) | ablative absolute (pple V) | infinitive as noun ({acc S} + infin V) |
| non-finite indirect command/objective infinitive (acc S +infin V) | ||
| indirect statement (acc S + infin V) |